Oldfield (2001). A critical review of the use of time sampling in observational research.


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Oldfield, S. J. (2001). A critical review of the use of time sampling in observational research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 6(2), 597–608. (googleScholar) Continue reading...

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Volpe, et al., (2005). Observing Students in Classroom Settings: A Review of Seven Coding Schemes.


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Volpe, R., DiPerna, J., Hintze, J., & Shapiro, E. (2005). Observing Students in Classroom Settings: A Review of Seven Coding Schemes. School Psychology Review, 34(4), 454–474.(googleScholar) Continue reading...

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Kiresuk & Sherman (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs.


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Kiresuk, T. J., & Sherman, M. R. E. (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Mental Health Journal, 4(6), 443–453. (googleScholar) Continue reading...

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Hawkins & Elder (2010). The Thinker’s Guide to Clinical Reasoning.


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Hawkins, D. R., Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2010). The Thinker’s Guide to Clinical Reasoning. Foundation for Critical Thinking. (googleBooks) Continue reading...

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speechBITE (2017). database for Best Interventions and Treatment Efficacy


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speechBITE (2017). database for Best Interventions and Treatment Efficacy. (link) Continue reading...

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Department of Education’s ERIC database.


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Department of Education’s ERIC database. (link) Continue reading...

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National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov


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National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov (link) Continue reading...

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What Works Clearing House


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Institute of Education Sciences’ What Works Clearinghouse. (link) Continue reading...

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ASHA (2017). Learn about our Process: Evidence Maps.


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ASHA (2017). Learn about our Process: Evidence Maps. (link) Continue reading...

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ASHA (2017). Summary of a Systematic Review.


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ASHA (2017). Summary of a Systematic Review: A Systematic Meta-Analytic Review of Evidence for the Effectiveness of the “Fast ForWord” Language Intervention Program. (n.d.). (link) Continue reading...

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ASHA (2017). Steps in the Process of Evidence-Based Practice: Assessing the Evidence.


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ASHA (2017). Steps in the Process of Evidence-Based Practice: Assessing the Evidence. (n.d.). (link) Continue reading...

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Schlosser & Raghavendra (2004). Evidence-Based Practice in Augmentative and Alternative Communication.


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Schlosser, R., & Raghavendra, P. (2004). Evidence-Based Practice in Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 20(1), 1–21. (googleScholar) Continue reading...

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case study


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A case study is a detailed investigation of the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. It is non-experimental in its design, in that there are no experimental controls, but can be valuable in exploring a new phenomena, observing and describing potential causal relationships, etc. Continue reading...

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expert opinion


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Expert opinion, not to be confused with either personal opinion (not part of the evidence hierarchy) or clinical guidelines, is the opinion of a respected authority figure or group obtained through publication or presentation. Expert opinion is not officially sanctioned by an evaluation committee and or based on a formal review of existing research, Continue...

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mechanism-based reasoning


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Mechanisms are arrangements of parts/features of an observed phenomena that describe a stable relationship between its ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’. Mechanism-based reasoning makes claims about the functional relationship between inputs (e.g., an intervention) and patient-relevant outcomes, based on assumptions made about the mechanisms involved. Such reasoning will involve an inferential chain linking the intervention with a...

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