Category: Library

Hintze, J., Volpe, R., & Shapiro, Edward. (n.d.). Best Practices in the Systematic Direct Observation of Student Behavior. In Best Practices in School Psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 258–279). Bethesda, MD: Nat. Association of School Psychologists. (googleScholar)

Suen, H. K., & Ary, D. (2014). Analyzing Quantitative Behavioral Observation Data. Psychology Press. (googleBooks)

Kiresuk, T. J., & Sherman, M. R. E. (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Mental Health Journal, 4(6), 443–453. (googleScholar)

Hawkins, D. R., Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2010). The Thinker’s Guide to Clinical Reasoning. Foundation for Critical Thinking. (googleBooks)

speechBITE (2017). database for Best Interventions and Treatment Efficacy. (link)

Department of Education’s ERIC database. (link)

National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov (link)

Institute of Education Sciences’ What Works Clearinghouse. (link)

ASHA (2017). Learn about our Process: Evidence Maps. (link)

ASHA (2017). Summary of a Systematic Review: A Systematic Meta-Analytic Review of Evidence for the Effectiveness of the “Fast ForWord” Language Intervention Program. (n.d.). (link)

ASHA (2017). Steps in the Process of Evidence-Based Practice: Assessing the Evidence. (n.d.). (link)

Schlosser, R., & Raghavendra, P. (2004). Evidence-Based Practice in Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 20(1), 1–21. (googleScholar)

A case study is a detailed investigation of the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. It is non-experimental in its design, in that there are no experimental controls, but can be valuable in exploring a new phenomena, observing and describing potential causal relationships, etc.

Expert opinion, not to be confused with either personal opinion (not part of the evidence hierarchy) or clinical guidelines, is the opinion of a respected authority figure or group obtained through publication or presentation. Expert opinion is not officially sanctioned by an evaluation committee and or based on a formal review of existing research,

Mechanisms are arrangements of parts/features of an observed phenomena that describe a stable relationship between its ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’. Mechanism-based reasoning makes claims about the functional relationship between inputs (e.g., an intervention) and patient-relevant outcomes, based on assumptions made about the mechanisms involved. Such reasoning will involve an inferential chain linking the intervention with a clinical outcome.